2022.2.11 The low-grade nickel matte produced by flash smelting and bath smelting needs further converting to produce the high-grade nickel matte to meet the treatment
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2023.7.8 Nickel Refining Various processes are used to refine nickel matte. Fluid bed roasting and chlorine-hydrogen reduc-tion produce high-grade nickel oxides (more than
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2020.9.11 To make stainless steel, both Class 1 and Class 2 nickel are used. Class 1 nickel 2 production sees about 70 percent originating
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2021.2.18 The conventional nickel smelting and refining is the dominant strategy for nickel production from the sulfide nickel ores. The main disadvantages are the significant
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2020.6.18 Scientific Reports - Efficient Synchronous Extraction of Nickel, Copper, and Cobalt from Low–Nickel Matte by Sulfation Roasting‒Water Leaching Process
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2022.6.15 Nickel is a critical metal for global low-carbon energy transition, but its production processes require massive energy inputs and emit large amounts of
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2019.9.3 Industrially, the pyrometallurgical treatment of laterites is mostly accomplished with a well-established method, namely, the rotary kiln–electric arc furnace (RKEF) process, which includes three main
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Nickel processing, preparation of the metal for use in various products. Although it is best known for its use in coinage, nickel (Ni) has become much more important for its many industrial applications, which owe their
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2002.8.1 The year 1984 was significant since the Amax nickel refinery closed at Braithwaite, Louisiana (USA) while Inco ceased nickel refining operations at its Port
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2022.5.19 the flotation-smelting-matte refining process for treatment of nickel sulfide ores is presented in Figure 1. There is great deal of variation in the standard flow sheet with respect to flotation practice (i.e. mineralogy, liberation size, reagents, etc.) and converter matte refining, however concentrate smelting is
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Nickel: smelting; Extraction and purification; Nickel is recovered through extractive metallurgy: it is extracted from its ores by conventional roasting and reduction processes that yield a metal of greater than 75% purity. In many stainless steel applications, 75% pure nickel can be used without further purification, depending on the composition of the
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2021.11.5 Spot smelting contracts are short term, usually apply to a single lot or ship load and tend to be more sensitive to the forces of competition. Many miners secure a mixture of both spot and long-term
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2017.3.16 The EHS Guidelines for Smelting Refining cover information relevant to base metal smelting and refining of lead, zinc, copper, nickel, and aluminum. It does not include the mining and concentration of the raw materials, which is covered in the EHS Guidelines for Mining. Annex A contains a description of industry sector activities.
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2013.12.1 For all nickel products, the smelting and refining steps consume most of the primary energy, whilst mining and concentrating account for only 7–35%, depending exactly on the nickel product as well as the source [16]. Notwithstanding, the energy required for nickel ore mining, milling and beneficiation will continue to increase as
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Smelting. The nickel smelter is the largest main process production unit of Jinchuan Group Co., Ltd., and it has six production systems: pyrometallurgy, hydrorefining, gasification metallurgy, the separation of high grade nickel matte through the flotation process, comprehensive recovery, and flue gas treatment. It boasts the first nickel flash ...
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2021.2.4 16,000 tons of nickel in concentrate, which was exported to smelters in Canada and overseas. A company in Missouri recovered metals, including nickel, from mine tailings as part of the Superfund Redevelopment Initiative. Nickel in crystalline sulfate was produced as a byproduct of smelting and refining platinum-group-metal ores mined in
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2022.9.7 These involve drying and calcining, roasting, reduction and smelting as well as refining unit operations. The environmental impacts of the primary production of these metals obtained from LCA analyzes found in the literature are then presented and quantified to identify the critical unit operations in terms of CO 2 emissions and energy consumption.
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2007.1.1 While the average grade of copper and nickel ores in Australia currently is relatively high (up to 3% and 2.3%, respectively – see Table 1), the potential effect of depleting ore grade is illustrated in Fig. 11 for copper production by the smelting and electro-refining route and nickel production by the smelting and Sherritt-Gordon refining ...
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2021.1.31 verslag gedoen oor die elektrowinningsproses en -aanleg wat deur die Bindura Smelting and Refining Complny gebruik word. Introduction The refinery at the Bindura Smelting and Refining Company (B.S.R), Rhodesia, treats the nickel-copper-sulphide alloy that is produced in its pyrometallurgical smelting plant. The design of the
Read More2021.2.18 A new nickel refinery installed in Copper Cliff (1972) was developed as a result of innovations in nickel smelting and carbonyl technology developed at the research stations. Hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical piloting of laterite nickel oxide ores from Guatemala, New Caledonia, Australia and Indonesia, leading to two new smelters ...
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2022.11.21 technologies in mining, smelting and refining, as well as increased capacities, also allow for lower-grade nickel ore to be processed. There are also reckoned to be significant nickel deposits in the sea. Manganese nodules, which are found on the deep-sea floor, contain significant amounts of various metals, including nickel. According to
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2022.4.12 One main source of nickel besides nickel sulfide ore is laterite nickel ore. Laterite ore is more sustainable and has abundant reserves. Nowadays, nickel demands are increasingly needed either for the manufacture of stainless steel or nickel-based batteries. This study aims to study the smelting process of limonitic laterite nickel ore. The smelting
Read More2021.7.15 China’s extensive smelting and refining capacity also allows it to recover secondary critical minerals contained in the ore concentrates tapped at mines outside that country, said Michael Moats ...
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This is a large coastal copper smelter and refinery that boasts global top-class smelting and refining technology. This is the only refinery in Japan that produces electrolytic nickel and electrolytic cobalt. This plant produces nickel sulfate, which is used as a raw material for EV rechargeable batteries.
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2022.2.11 The low-grade nickel matte produced by flash smelting and bath smelting needs further converting to produce the high-grade nickel matte to meet the treatment requirements of refining process. The typical production process of high-grade nickel matte is shown in Fig. 2 .
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Harima Refinery. Operating as a major nickel sulfate production base. The Harima Refinery used to be a smelter of zinc, lead, indium and other metals since it began operations in 1966. Currently, the plant is transformed to a refinery producing nickel sulfate, which is used as a raw material for rechargeable batteries for hybrid and electric ...
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2005.9.13 Nickel Concentrating, Smelting Refining 2 Figure 1 - Scope of the ‘Nickel Concentrating, Smelting and Refining EET Manual' and its Relationship with Other EET Manuals Context and use of the manual The NPI manual provides a “how to” guide for the application of various methods to estimate emissions as required by the NPI.
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2019.9.3 Nickel Laterite Smelting Processes and Some Examples of Recent Possible Modifications to the Conventional Route ... prereduction, and smelting—followed by further refining for the removal of ...
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Metallurgy - Refining, Alloying, Smelting: Refining is the final procedure for removing (and often recovering as by-products) the last small amounts of impurities left after the major extraction steps have been completed. It leaves the major metallic element in a practically pure state for commercial application. The procedure is accomplished in three ways:
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